With surprising frequency, modern writers who
discuss military aspects of the American Revolution mention that British
soldiers were not trained to aim their muskets when firing upon the
enemy. Some writers go so far as to say they were
actually trained not to aim. These claims have no basis whatsoever in
fact, and yet they are repeated again and again.
The very flimsy foundation for these false
assertions seems to be a change in terminology between the
manual-of-arms used by the British army, and the one introduced to the
American army at Valley Forge by General von Steuben. In the British
manual, the command for aiming was called "Present"; the description
for this command very explicitly described closing one eye while
sighting down the barrel with the other eye. The new American manual
used approximately the same description, but changed
the name of the command from "Present" to "Take Aim." The change was
nothing more than using a different word to describe the same concept;
von Steuben may have introduced the new terminology to avoid confusion
with an unrelated use of the term "Present" in
the British manual. Some modern authors, apparently looking only at the
words of command and not the descriptions of what they meant, seem to
have interpreted von Steuben's use of the word "aim" as a great
innovation rather than a simple one-word replacement,
leading to a misconception that British soldiers were (illogically) not
even trained to aim their weapons.
For more details on this subject, including
discussion of target practice by British soldiers, see my article in the
Journal of the American Revolution:
http://allthingsliberty.com/2013/08/the-aim-of-british-soldiers/
Learn more about British soldiers in America
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